pdf Next-Generation Custom-Fit Reusable Respiratory Protective Device with Continuous Fit Monitoring – Part III: 3D Printing of Prototypes and Evaluation (Vol. 41 No.2 2024)

Next-Generation Custom-Fit Reusable Respiratory Protective Device with Continuous Fit Monitoring – Part III: 3D Printing of Prototypes and Evaluation

Sungmee Park1, Yuanqing Tian2, Michael Bergman3, Jonisha Pollard3, Ziqing Zhuang3, and Sundaresan Jayaraman1*

1 Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering

2 Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Industrial Design

3 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory

*Corresponding author: Sundaresan Jayaraman, , Phone: 404.894.2461

ABSTRACT

Some respiratory protective devices (RPDs) such as filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) are manufactured in discrete sizes, with some models being limited in accommodating the fit of some gender and race combinations. This study presents the development of a custom-fit RPD which conforms to a user’s facial features and flexes and moves with facial movements during use. Our design also integrates a pressure-sensing network, which continuously monitors fit and will alert the user when the fit is compromised.

In this final part of the three-part series, we transform the digital prototypes of the custom-fit RPD presented in Parts I and II to physical prototypes through 3D printing (additive manufacturing) using silicone-based elastomers. We identify the key material properties required for creating the physical prototypes. Based on a comparative analysis of commercially available materials, we select two of them and create prototypes of the RPD using two different commercial 3D printers. We then demonstrate the responsiveness of the custom-fit RPD to changes in facial profile during use from natural (neutral facial expression with mouth closed) to talking, to smiling, and to yawning, and the quantification of the changes in pressure at the faceseal by the continuous fit monitoring system through an App running on an Android tablet. With the realization of the successful custom-fit RPDs using the developed methodology, we lay the foundation for providing respiratory protection, and improved source control, to the full spectrum of individuals in the United States public including children, for whom FFRs options are currently limited.

Keywords: Custom-fit respiratory protective device; continuous fit monitoring; 3D printing; additive manufacturing, Shore hardness; protection; comfort; faceseal pressure; pressure injury; data analytics; facial profile